Universe Today Podcast

Fraser Cain

Space news, interviews, Q&As, and exclusive content from Universe Today. Audio versions of Fraser Cain YouTube channel. read less

Our Editor's Take

The Universe Today Podcast is an independent resource of space and astronomy news. Fraser Cain is the host and content creator for the main website and YouTube channel. He's passionate about explaining all aspects of space and astronomy, from the Big Bang theory to interstellar objects.

Space fans can enjoy new podcast episodes throughout the week. The Universe Today Podcast has a variety of exciting topics. The show has interviews, Q&As with the community, and "Space Bites" for news updates. Fraser invites experts to join, including Dr. Clancy James from an Australian University. Dr. James shares new research on fast radio bursts. Fraser talks to him about what they are and what this new research means.

Another Universe Today Podcast interview focuses on space exploration in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Expert Mohsen Al Alwahdi joins to talk about the program in the UAE and what they're working on for the future. They also discuss what it was like to see the first images back from Mars as part of their exciting program.

"Space Bites" episodes feature all the latest news. One reveals the discovery of an ultra-massive black hole, which has astronomers excited. How does this differ from a super-massive black hole? And how did they find it? This podcast explains the difference. Another episode reveals active volcanoes on the surface of Venus. Fraser compares this intriguing planet to Earth. He also examines its development over the years.

Through Q&A episodes, listeners can hear from the space community. Fan questions include whether technology like ChatGPT can help with astronomy. How would the Milky Way appear from the International Space Station, known as ISS? Plus, why are dwarfs ruled out as the source of dark matter? There are also fun questions, such as what a science reporter should ask an alien!

The Universe Today Podcast combines information and commentary on the world of space. Host Fraser shares the latest news and debates the implications of discoveries. It's an entertaining and informative guide to the world through a space telescope.

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Episodes

[Interview] How The Moon's Bumpy Gravitational Field Can Help Launch Things From Its Surface
3d ago
[Interview] How The Moon's Bumpy Gravitational Field Can Help Launch Things From Its Surface
Moon has a non-uniform bumpy gravitational field. We can use these anomalies to launch stuff off the surface of the Moon with electromagnetic launchers. How exactly can we do it? Finding out in this interview. 🟣 Guest: Dr. Pekka Janhunen https://www.mpe.mpg.de/person/18090/2169 πŸ“œ Launching mass from the Moon helped by lunar gravity anomalies https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.09616 πŸ“œ Terraforming the dwarf planet: Interconnected and growable Ceres megasatellite world https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.07487 πŸ¦„ Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday More interviews: 🌞 Solar Gravitational Lens with Slava Turushev: https://youtube.com/live/lqzJewjZUkk?feature=share πŸš€ Realistic Interstellar Travel with Andrew Higgins https://youtu.be/SkGRVvA23qI 🏑 Asteroid Habitats with Adam Frank https://youtu.be/Z-hH3-z56cg 00:00 Intro 02:51 Electrostatic sail updates 07:15 Launching stuff from the Moon 14:46 Finding trajectories 18:44 Practical applications 30:56 Mining Ceres 38:32 Future of humanity 42:53 More interviews πŸ“Ί VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/VP4fn0_cb24 πŸ“° GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter 🎧 PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ πŸ“© CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com βš–οΈ LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
[Space Bites] Zone of Avoidance Defied // Big Meteor Storm's Coming // Ozone Hole Shrinks
6d ago
[Space Bites] Zone of Avoidance Defied // Big Meteor Storm's Coming // Ozone Hole Shrinks
Some good environmental news, the Roman Space Telescope gets its mirror, astronomers defy the zone of avoidance, and moving stars halfway across the Milky Way πŸ“Έ New Zealand Astrophotography Competition: https://www.universetoday.com/169293/our-breathtaking-cosmos-new-zealand-astrophotography-winners-announced/ πŸ¦„ Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Intro 00:14 Good news! https://www.universetoday.com/169251/good-news-the-ozone-layer-hole-is-continuing-to-shrink/ 02:41 Nancy Grace Roman gets its mirror https://www.nasa.gov/missions/roman-space-telescope/telescope-for-nasas-roman-mission-complete-delivered-to-goddard 05:01 Leonides https://www.universetoday.com/169124/is-an-off-year-leonid-outburst-in-the-cards-for-november/ 06:27 Trash compactor https://www.universetoday.com/169229/a-trash-compactor-is-going-to-the-space-station/ 07:43 Astronomers defy the Zone of Avoidance https://www.universetoday.com/169287/astronomers-defy-the-zone-of-avoidance-to-find-hundreds-of-new-galaxies/ 10:07 Finding black holes by their light echoes https://www.universetoday.com/169227/using-light-echoes-to-find-black-holes/ 11:33 Vote results 12:11 Life under ice on Mars https://www.universetoday.com/169296/how-life-could-live-under-the-ice-on-mars/ 13:46 Stellar engine https://www.universetoday.com/169255/a-spider-stellar-engine-could-move-binary-stars-halfway-across-a-galaxy/ 16:08 Habitable worlds observatory 17:05 More space news stories 17:49 New Zealand astrophotography competition πŸ“Ί VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/d3eNRzrJRqY πŸ“° GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter 🎧 PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ πŸ“© CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com βš–οΈ LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
[Q&A] How Loud Was The Big Bang? Does Planet Spin Matter? Can Black Holes Revert to Stars?
05-11-2024
[Q&A] How Loud Was The Big Bang? Does Planet Spin Matter? Can Black Holes Revert to Stars?
πŸ¦„ Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday πŸ“š Suggest books in the book club: https://www.goodreads.com/group/show/1198440-universe-today-book-club 00:00 Start 00:27 [Alaris] How loud was the Big Bang? 04:06 [Ardena] Can black holes become neutron stars again? 07:35 [Asuria] Why send missions to Europa, not Enceladus? 12:17 [Belote] Will humans feel weird on a planet spinning opposite to Earth? 13:33 [Belsa] Did we see globular clusters gain or lose stars? 15:40 [Cartego] What would a Moon or Mars cars look like? 19:03 [Chulak] Can Ganymede and Titan be considered planets? 21:51 [Dakara] How loud would the Sun be? 22:40 [Edora] Can we use lasers for solar sails? 27:30 [Goronak] How does mass cross the event horizon? 30:28 [Hadante] How do we predict the lifetime of stars? 33:45 [Hebridan] Could we send mass to space to change our orbit and stop global warming? πŸ“Ί VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/eHKXwlDhWxA πŸ“° EMAIL NEWSLETTER Read by 60,000 people every Friday. Written by Fraser. No ads. Subscribe. It's FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter 🎧 PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ 🀳 OTHER SOCIAL MEDIA Twitter: https://twitter.com/fcain Twitter: https://twitter.com/universetoday Facebook: https://facebook.com/universetoday Instagram: https://instagram.com/universetoday πŸ“© CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com βš–οΈ LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
[Space Bites] Is Sgr A* Image Wrong? // New Voyager-1 Problems // Another Sub-Surface Ocean
01-11-2024
[Space Bites] Is Sgr A* Image Wrong? // New Voyager-1 Problems // Another Sub-Surface Ocean
Is this Event Horizon image accurate? Webb scans Vega for planets, another problem with Voyager 1, and a supernova space dandelion. πŸ¦„ Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday πŸ“š Suggest books in the book club: https://www.goodreads.com/group/show/1198440-universe-today-book-club 00:00 Intro 00:13 Retake for the Sgr A image? https://www.universetoday.com/169025/the-milky-ways-supermassive-black-hole-photo-might-need-a-retake/ 02:32 Scanning Vega for planets https://www.universetoday.com/169041/webb-scans-vega-for-planets/ 04:20 "Alien signal" decoded https://www.universetoday.com/169047/remember-that-alien-signal-sent-by-the-exomars-orbiter-last-year-its-just-been-decoded/ 06:00 NASA's solar sail damaged https://futurism.com/the-byte/nasa-solar-sail-spacecraft-damaged-spinning 07:47 New problems for Voyager-1 https://blogs.nasa.gov/voyager/2024/10/28/after-pause-nasas-voyager-1-communicating-with-mission-team/ 09:48 Vote results 10:28 Sub-surface ocean on Miranda https://www.universetoday.com/169058/theres-another-ocean-moon-candidate-uranus-tiny-moon-miranda/ 12:23 Titan's icy crust https://www.universetoday.com/169048/titan-may-have-a-methane-crust-10-km-thick/ 14:08 Space Dandelion https://www.universetoday.com/169031/this-ancient-supernova-remnant-looks-like-a-stellar-dandelion/ 16:04 The Guide to Space 16:45 Remote telescope testing πŸ“Ί VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/QbleoKUuwAg πŸ“° EMAIL NEWSLETTER Read by 60,000 people every Friday. Written by Fraser. No ads. Subscribe. It's FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter 🎧 PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ 🀳 OTHER SOCIAL MEDIA Twitter: https://twitter.com/fcain Twitter: https://twitter.com/universetoday Facebook: https://facebook.com/universetoday Instagram: https://instagram.com/universetoday πŸ“© CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com βš–οΈ LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
[Q&A] Europa Sample Return, Imaging Auroras, Winds of Titan
29-10-2024
[Q&A] Europa Sample Return, Imaging Auroras, Winds of Titan
How hard can it be to retrieve a sample from Europa? How strong are the winds on Titan? What are the differences between different types of time dilation? Will Starship have landing legs? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Q&A show. πŸ¦„ Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday πŸ“š Suggest books in the book club: https://www.goodreads.com/group/show/1198440-universe-today-book-club 00:00 Start 00:29 [Alaris] What are the weird rocket noises? 04:54 [Ardena] Could we be forever trapped on Earth because of its spin? 08:29 [Asuria] How to take pictures of auroras? 11:54 [Belote] How big is the Solar System? 15:16 [Cartego] How hard would it be to do a sample return from Europa? 21:37 [Chulak] Why worry about contaminating space probes? 25:25 [Dakara] What are the plans to explore lava tubes on Moon/Mars? 28:36 [Edora] How strong are the winds on Titan? 30:32 [Goronak] Will there be legs of Starships that go to Moon and Mars? 31:51 [Hadante] What are the chances of Europa Clipper finding plumes and sampling them? 34:20 [Hebridan] Any news on Starshot? πŸ“Ί VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/K344oQzUWVU πŸ“° EMAIL NEWSLETTER Read by 60,000 people every Friday. Written by Fraser. No ads. Subscribe. It's FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter 🎧 PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ 🀳 OTHER SOCIAL MEDIA Twitter: https://twitter.com/fcain Twitter: https://twitter.com/universetoday Facebook: https://facebook.com/universetoday Instagram: https://instagram.com/universetoday πŸ“© CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com βš–οΈ LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
[Space Bites] New Hope for TRAPPIST-1 // ISS Successor // Milky Way Particle Accelerator
25-10-2024
[Space Bites] New Hope for TRAPPIST-1 // ISS Successor // Milky Way Particle Accelerator
What comes after the International Space Station, first results from Euclid, there’s hope for the TRAPPIST-1 planets, and a triple star system with a black hole. πŸ¦„ Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday πŸ“š Suggest books in the book club: https://www.goodreads.com/group/show/1198440-universe-today-book-club 00:00 Intro 00:14 Vast Heaven-2 https://www.vastspace.com/haven-2 03:38 First results from Euclid https://www.universetoday.com/168912/check-out-this-sneak-peek-of-the-euclid-missions-cosmic-atlas/ 05:49 Laser communication https://www.universetoday.com/168954/nasa-achieves-impressive-bandwidth-with-its-new-laser-communications-system/ 08:28 Mirrors for LISA https://www.universetoday.com/168976/nasa-is-building-telescopes-for-the-lisa-mission/ 09:46 Hope for TRAPPIST-1 https://www.washington.edu/news/2024/10/23/rocky-planets-orbiting-small-stars-could-have-stable-atmospheres-needed-to-support-life/ 11:25 Triple system with a black hole https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/first-black-hole-in-a-triple-star-system-found 13:10 Vote results 14:23 Particle accelerator at the center of the Milky Way https://www.universetoday.com/168982/theres-a-particle-accelerator-at-the-center-of-the-milky-way/ 16:43 Heat shields for different atmospheres https://www.universetoday.com/168977/testing-heat-shields-for-different-atmospheres/ 19:03 Guide to space 19:36 Return of Virtual Star Parties πŸ“Ί VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/Lln1KXx2ZYM πŸ“° EMAIL NEWSLETTER Read by 60,000 people every Friday. Written by Fraser. No ads. Subscribe. It's FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter 🎧 PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ 🀳 OTHER SOCIAL MEDIA Twitter: https://twitter.com/fcain Twitter: https://twitter.com/universetoday Facebook: https://facebook.com/universetoday Instagram: https://instagram.com/universetoday πŸ“© CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com βš–οΈ LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
[Q&A] Shrinking Sgr A*, Prime Directive for Mars, Dark Energy Detectors
22-10-2024
[Q&A] Shrinking Sgr A*, Prime Directive for Mars, Dark Energy Detectors
Can there be Dark Energy detectors? When will Sgr A start shrinking? Should the Prime Directive apply to Mars? Can we bring a proper observatory in space? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Q&A show. πŸ¦„ Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday πŸ“š Suggest books in the book club: https://www.goodreads.com/group/show/1198440-universe-today-book-club 00:00 Start 00:29 [Alaris] What about Dark Energy detectors? 08:40 [Ardena] Why don't we see different constellations during the year? 11:15 [Asuria] When will Sagittarius A start shrinking? 13:42 [Belote] Can we build a space station observatory? 18:44 [Belsa] How do we see objects falling into black holes? 20:14 [Cartego] How will interstellar communication work? 21:48 [Chulak] Should the Prime Directive apply to Mars? 26:18 [Dakara] Does Mars have meteors from Earth? 27:32 [Edora] Why do comets leave tails? 29:03 [Goronak] Can black holes explode? 30:43 [Hadante] Does liver damage make Mars trips impossible? πŸ“Ί VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/KFsIuE4BiaQ πŸ“° EMAIL NEWSLETTER Read by 60,000 people every Friday. Written by Fraser. No ads. Subscribe. It's FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter 🎧 PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ 🀳 OTHER SOCIAL MEDIA Twitter: https://twitter.com/fcain Twitter: https://twitter.com/universetoday Facebook: https://facebook.com/universetoday Instagram: https://instagram.com/universetoday πŸ“© CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com βš–οΈ LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
[Overtime Q&A] Jupiter's Ultimate Faith, New Targets for New Horizons, My Favourite Moons
16-10-2024
[Overtime Q&A] Jupiter's Ultimate Faith, New Targets for New Horizons, My Favourite Moons
What's the best way to do science communication? Will Jupiter expand when the Sun dies? How would aliens experience their environment? Can New Horizons get new targets in future? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Overtime Q&A. πŸ¦„ Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday πŸ“š Suggest books in the book club: https://www.goodreads.com/group/show/1198440-universe-today-book-club 00:00 Start 00:59 How can Hawking radiation escape a black hole? 03:47 Will Jupiter also expand when the Sun expands? 05:08 Why don't astronomers use the exoplanet names? 07:05 Will the Indians beat everyone to the Moon? 08:11 Do I feel threatened by ChatGPT? 10:28 What's the best way to do science communication? 11:48 How would aliens experience their environment? 14:19 Is the surface of the Moon littered with minerals? 15:43 What is the Universe orbiting? 16:03 Will New Horizons find new targets? 16:44 Would I go back to school to become an astronomer? 17:31 What are China's plans for the Moon? 20:07 Thoughts on the newer aerospike engines? 21:53 Should we spread life in the Solar System? 23:16 What are my favorite moons? πŸ“Ί VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/32_zjx-dHRw πŸ“° EMAIL NEWSLETTER Read by 60,000 people every Friday. Written by Fraser. No ads. Subscribe. It's FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter 🎧 PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ 🀳 OTHER SOCIAL MEDIA Twitter: https://twitter.com/fcain Twitter: https://twitter.com/universetoday Facebook: https://facebook.com/universetoday Instagram: https://instagram.com/universetoday πŸ“© CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com βš–οΈ LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
[Special] ABSOLUTE Success! Full Analysis of SpaceX's Crazy Starship IFT-5
16-10-2024
[Special] ABSOLUTE Success! Full Analysis of SpaceX's Crazy Starship IFT-5
SpaceX caught Super Heavy with Mechazilla. Starship survived re-entry and did a precise landing in the ocean. How did they do that? What does it mean for SpaceX? What to expect from IFT-6 now? πŸ“Ί Scott Manley: https://www.youtube.com/@scottmanley πŸ“Ί Marcus House: https://www.youtube.com/@MarcusHouse πŸš€ IFT-4 Analysis: https://youtu.be/ecMlV4W_CLU πŸš€ IFT-3 Analysis: https://youtu.be/EVic941kQ44 πŸš€ IFT-2 Analysis: https://youtu.be/ReXZvXPak4U πŸš€ IFT-1 Analysis: https://youtu.be/RGcdjJj-f4g πŸ¦„ Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday πŸ“š Suggest books in the book club: https://www.goodreads.com/group/show/1198440-universe-today-book-club 00:00 Intro 01:05 Flight 5 02:25 Initial plan for the test 03:54 Liftoff 05:50 Hot staging 10:04 Super Heavy catch 16:01 What were the odds 20:38 Future versions of Starship 23:42 Starship's re-entry and splashdown 37:38 The aftermath 42:28 Flight 6 58:11 Final thoughts πŸ“Ί VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/Flv1W6AR-cU πŸ“° EMAIL NEWSLETTER Read by 60,000 people every Friday. Written by Fraser. No ads. Subscribe. It's FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter 🎧 PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ 🀳 OTHER SOCIAL MEDIA Twitter: https://twitter.com/fcain Twitter: https://twitter.com/universetoday Facebook: https://facebook.com/universetoday Instagram: https://instagram.com/universetoday πŸ“© CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com βš–οΈ LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
[Q&A] Why No Missions to Mars' Poles? What Does X-37B Really Do? Why Continue With SLS?
08-10-2024
[Q&A] Why No Missions to Mars' Poles? What Does X-37B Really Do? Why Continue With SLS?
How old is the Universe? Why do no missions go to Mars' ice poles? What does X-37B actually do? Why not abandon the SLS? Can Starship solve the problems Starlinks create? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Q&A. πŸ¦„ Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday πŸ“š Suggest books in the book club: https://www.goodreads.com/group/show/1198440-universe-today-book-club 00:00 Start 00:39 [Alaris] How old is the Universe? 08:12 [Ardena] Why do no missions go to Mars' ice poles 11:04 [Asuria] What's the distance limit of a black hole's influence? 13:37 [Belote] What does X-37B actually do? 16:06 [Belsa] Why not abandon the SLS? 21:37 [Cartego] Is the Universe infinite or finite? 23:49 [Chulak] What's going on with Europa clipper? 27:45 [Dakara] Can Starship solve the problems Starlinks create? 31:53 [Edora] How often does the Earth capture another moon? πŸ“Ί VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/ZUw7HvtRZfc πŸ“° EMAIL NEWSLETTER Read by 60,000 people every Friday. Written by Fraser. No ads. Subscribe. It's FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter 🎧 PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ 🀳 OTHER SOCIAL MEDIA Twitter: https://twitter.com/fcain Twitter: https://twitter.com/universetoday Facebook: https://facebook.com/universetoday Instagram: https://instagram.com/universetoday πŸ“© CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com βš–οΈ LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
[Q&A] New Voyagers, Disc Golf on Mars, Limits of Future Telescopes
01-10-2024
[Q&A] New Voyagers, Disc Golf on Mars, Limits of Future Telescopes
What are the limits for the telescopes of the future? Can you play disk golf on Mars or the Moon? Will all galaxies eventually fade away? When will we launch Voyagers v2.0? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Q&A. πŸ¦„ Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday πŸ“š Suggest books in the book club: https://www.goodreads.com/group/show/1198440-universe-today-book-club 00:00 Start 00:27 [Alaris] What are the limits for future telescopes? 06:47 [Ardena] Can you play golf on Moon or Mars? 09:21 [Asuria] Why don't all rockets launch from the equator? 12:21 [Belote] Which telescopes should we be launching on Starship? 16:16 [Belsa] Will all galaxies eventually fade away? 19:01 [Cartego] Does Hawking radiation affect dark matter? 21:38 [Chulak] Will there be another Voyager mission? 24:55 [Dakara] Do we live forever? 28:12 [Edora] Have we seen Oort clouds of other solar systems? 30:54 [Goronak] Will earth resources be enough for SpaceX? 35:13 [Hadante] Will I cover theories that don't have a Big Bang origin? πŸ“Ί VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/5wnrAo_RmC8 πŸ“° EMAIL NEWSLETTER Read by 60,000 people every Friday. Written by Fraser. No ads. Subscribe. It's FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter 🎧 PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ 🀳 OTHER SOCIAL MEDIA Twitter: https://twitter.com/fcain Twitter: https://twitter.com/universetoday Facebook: https://facebook.com/universetoday Instagram: https://instagram.com/universetoday πŸ“© CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com βš–οΈ LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)