What is the “cold spot” on the cosmic microwave background? Why shouldn’t it exist? What are some possible explanations for it, and why are they unsatisfying? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Alberto M, Corey D, stargazer, Robert B, Tom G, Naila, BikeSanta, Sam R, John S, Joshua, Scott M, Rob H, Scott M, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Gilbert M, Rob W, Demethius J, Jules R, Mike G, Jim L, Scott J, David S, Scott R, Bbjj108, Heather, Mike S, Michele R, Pete H, Steve S, wahtwahtbird, Lisa R, Couzy, Tim R, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Mark F, Richard K, Maureen R, Stace J, Stephen S, Stephen J, Joe R, David P, Sean M, Tracy F, Sarah K, Ryan L, Ella F, Thomas K, James C, Syamkumar M, Homer V, Mark D, Bruce A, Steven M, Bill E, Tim Z, Linda C, The Tired Jedi, Farshad A, Kenneth D, David W, dhr18, Lode D, Alyssa K, Bob C, Simon G, Red B, Herb G, Stephen A, James R, Robert O, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Michael S, Reinaldo A, Jessica M, Patrick M, Amy Z, Sheryl, John G, David W, Jonathan S, Sue T, Josephine K, Chris, P. Sprout, Michael S, Erlend A, James D, Larry D, Matt K, Charles, Jonathan S, and Karl W! Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

How do planets get tidally locked? What are these systems typically like? Can life find a home in such a challenging environment? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Alberto M, Corey D, stargazer, Robert B, Tom G, Naila, BikeSanta, Sam R, John S, Joshua, Scott M, Rob H, Scott M, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Gilbert M, Rob W, Demethius J, Jules R, Mike G, Jim L, Scott J, David S, Scott R, Bbjj108, Heather, Mike S, Michele R, Pete H, Steve S, wahtwahtbird, Lisa R, Couzy, Tim R, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Mark F, Richard K, Maureen R, Stace J, Stephen S, Stephen J, Joe R, David P, Sean M, Tracy F, Sarah K, Ryan L, Ella F, Thomas K, James C, Syamkumar M, Homer V, Mark D, Bruce A, Steven M, Bill E, Tim Z, Linda C, The Tired Jedi, Farshad A, Kenneth D, David W, dhr18, Lode D, Alyssa K, Bob C, Simon G, Red B, Herb G, Stephen A, James R, Robert O, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Michael S, Reinaldo A, Jessica M, Patrick M, Amy Z, Sheryl, John G, David W, Jonathan S, Sue T, Josephine K, Chris, P. Sprout, Michael S, Erlend A, James D, Larry D, Matt K, Charles, Jonathan S, and Karl W! Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

If we went to the Moon already, why can’t we go back so easily? What technology have we lost? What are we trying to do differently? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Alberto M, Corey D, stargazer, Robert B, Tom G, Naila, BikeSanta, Sam R, John S, Joshua, Scott M, Rob H, Scott M, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Gilbert M, Rob W, Demethius J, Jules R, Mike G, Jim L, Scott J, David S, Scott R, Bbjj108, Heather, Mike S, Michele R, Pete H, Steve S, wahtwahtbird, Lisa R, Couzy! Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

What’s the most distant thing we can see with the naked eye? What about with a telescope? What about at other wavelengths? Is there anything more to see? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Alberto M, Duncan M, Corey D, Tom G, Naila, John S, Joshua, Scott M, Rob H, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Gilbert M, David L, Rob W, Valerie H, Demethius J, Jules R, Mike G, Jim L, Scott J, Lewis I, Peter E, David S, Paul L, Jon-Boy, Scott R, Tim R, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Mark F, Richard K, Maureen R, Stace J, Stephen S, Stephen J, Joe R, David P, robert b, Sean M, Tracy F, Sarah K, Ryan L, Ella F, Sarah K, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Syamkumar M, Homer v, Mark D, Bruce A, Steven M, Bill E, Tim Z, Linda C, Scott M, Avery P, Farshad A, Kenneth D, Gary K, Paul G, David W, dhr18, Lode S, Alyssa K, Bob C, Simon G, Red B, Herb G, Stephen A, James R, Robert O, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Michael S, Reinaldo A, Jessica M, Patrick M, Amy Z, Sheryl, John G, David W, Jonathan S, Sue T, Josephine K, Chris, P. S, Michael S, Erlend A, James D, Larry D, Matt K, and Charles! Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

What is “emergence” in physics and why is it a big deal? What would it mean for gravity to be emergent? How would we have to rewrite the laws of physics? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Alberto M, Duncan M, Corey D, Naila, John S, Joshua, Scott M, Rob H, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Gilbert M, Valerie H, Demethius J, Nathan R, and Mike G, Tim R, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Mark F, Richard K, Maureen R, Stace J, Stephen S, Stephen J, Joe R, David P, robert b, Sean M, Tracy F, Sarah K, Ryan L, Ella F, Sarah K, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Syamkumar M, Homer v, Mark D, Bruce A, Steven M, Bill E, Tim Z, Linda C, Aissa F, Marc H, Scott M, Avery P, Farshad A, Kenneth D, Gary K, Paul G, David W, dhr18, Lode S, Alyssa K, Roger, Bob C, Simon G, Red B, Herb G, Stephen A, James R, Robert O, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Michael S, Jordan, Reinaldo A, Jessica M, Patrick M, Amy Z, Sheryl, John G, David W, Jonathan S, Sue T, Josephine K, Chris, Jules R, P. S, Michael S, Erlend A, James D, and Larry D! Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

How can a “big rip” tear the universe apart? What does that mean for existence itself? Is it going to happen, and what are we doing to find out? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Alberto M, Duncan M, Corey D, Naila, John S, Joshua, Scott M, Rob H, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Gilbert M, Valerie H, Demethius J, Nathan R, and Mike G, Tim R, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Mark F, Richard K, Maureen R, Stace J, Stephen S, Stephen J, Joe R, David P, robert b, Sean M, Tracy F, Sarah K, Ryan L, Ella F, Sarah K, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Syamkumar M, Homer v, Mark D, Bruce A, Steven M, Bill E, Tim Z, Linda C, Aissa F, Marc H, Scott M, Avery P, Farshad A, Kenneth D, Gary K, Paul G, David W, dhr18, Lode S, Alyssa K, Roger, Bob C, Simon G, Red B, Herb G, Stephen A, James R, Robert O, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Michael S, Jordan, Reinaldo A, Jessica M, Patrick M, Amy Z, Sheryl, John G, David W, Jonathan S, Sue T, Josephine K, Chris, Jules R, P. S, Michael S, Erlend A, James D, and Larry D! Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

How do we track dangerous asteroids? What can impacts do to us? What do we plan to do if The Big One is headed for us? Is Armageddon a documentary? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Alberto M, Duncan M, Corey D, Naila, John S, Joshua, Scott M, Rob H, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Erin J, Gilbert M, Valerie H, Tim R, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Mark F, Richard K, Maureen R, Stace J, Stephen S, Stephen J, Joe R, David P, robert b, Sean M, Tracy F, Sarah K, Ryan L, Ella F, Sarah K, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Syamkumar M, Homer v, Mark D, Bruce A, Steven M, Bill E, Tim Z, Linda C, Aissa F, Marc H, Scott M, Avery P, Farshad A, Michael W, Kenneth D, Gary K, Paul G, David W, dhr18, Ron D, Lode S, Alyssa K, Roger, Bob C, Simon G, Red B, Stephen A, James R, Robert O, Lynn D, Allen E, Michael S, Jordan, Reinaldo A, Jessica M, Patrick M, Amy Z, Sheryl, John G, David W, Jonathan S, Sue T, Josephine K, Chris, Jules R, P. S, Michael S, Erlend A, and James D! Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

Why is it so hard to get a picture of the Milky Way? How much of our galaxy have we mapped? What the heck is a “barred spiral” and what does that have to do with our core? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Alberto M, Duncan M, Corey D, Naila, John S, Joshua, Scott M, Rob H, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Erin J, Gilbert M, Valerie H, Tim R, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Mark F, Richard K, Maureen R, Stace J, Stephen S, Stephen J, Joe R, David P, robert b, Sean M, Tracy F, Sarah K, Ryan L, Ella F, Sarah K, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Syamkumar M, Homer v, Mark D, Bruce A, Steven M, Bill E, Tim Z, Linda C, Aissa F, Marc H, Scott M, Avery P, Farshad A, Michael W, Kenneth D, Gary K, Paul G, David W, dhr18, Ron D, Lode S, Alyssa K, Roger, Bob C, Simon G, Red B, Stephen A, James R, Robert O, Lynn D, Allen E, Michael S, Jordan, Reinaldo A, Jessica M, Patrick M, Amy Z, Sheryl, John G, David W, Jonathan S, Sue T, Josephine K, Chris, Jules R, P. S, Michael S, Erlend A, and James D! Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

How do we achieve nuclear fusion in the laboratory? What are some experiments that are trying to achieve fusion power generation? Why is it so difficult? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Alberto M, Duncan M, Corey D, Naila, John S, Joshua, Scott M, Rob H, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Erin J, Gilbert M, Valerie H. Tim R, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Mark F, Richard K, Maureen R, Stace J, Stephen S, Ken L, Stephen J, Joe R, David P, robert b, Sean M, Tracy F, Sarah K, Ryan L, Ella F, Sarah K, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Syamkumar M, Homer v, Mark D, Bruce A, Steven M, Bill E, Tim Z, Linda C, Aissa F, Marc H, Scott M, Avery P, Farshad A, Michael W, Kenneth D, Gary K, Paul G, David W, dhr18, Ron D, Lode S, Alyssa K, Roger, Bob C, Simon G, Red B, Stephen A, James R, Robert O, Lynn D, Allen E, Michael S, Jordan, Reinaldo A, Jessica M, Patrick M, Amy Z, Sheryl, John G, David W, Jonathan S, Sue T, Josephine K, Chris, Jules R, P. S, Michael S, and Erlend A! Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

Is evolution universal throughout the cosmos? What are the different forms that life can take? When did life first appear in the universe? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Alberto M, Duncan M, Corey D, Naila, John S, Joshua, Scott M, Rob H, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Erin J, Gilbert M, Valerie H. Tim R, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Mark F, Richard K, Maureen R, Stace J, Stephen S, Ken L, Stephen J, Joe R, David P, robert b, Sean M, Tracy F, Sarah K, Ryan L, Ella F, Sarah K, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Syamkumar M, Homer v, Mark D, Bruce A, Steven M, Bill E, Tim Z, Linda C, Aissa F, Marc H, Scott M, Avery P, Farshad A, Michael W, Kenneth D, Gary K, Paul G, David W, dhr18, Ron D, Lode S, Alyssa K, Roger, Bob C, Simon G, Red B, Stephen A, James R, Robert O, Lynn D, Allen E, Michael S, Jordan, Reinaldo A, Jessica M, Patrick M, Amy Z, Sheryl, John G, David W, Jonathan S, Sue T, Josephine K, Chris, Jules R, P. S, Michael S, and Erlend A! Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

What forces people to lose trust in science? How does this affect the process of science itself? What are scientists doing to make this worse? How can we fix it? In this special episode themed from my latest book, I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/PaulMSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Alberto M, Duncan M, Corey D, Naila, John S, Joshua, Scott M, Rob H, Louis M, John W, Alexis , Erin J, Gilbert M, Valerie H, Tim R, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Mark F, Richard K, Stephen M, Maureen R, Stace J, Stephen S, Ken L, Stephen J, Joe R, David P, robert b, Sean M, Tracy F, Sarah K, Ryan L, Ella F, Sarah K, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Syamkumar M, Homer v, Mark D, Bruce A, Steven M, Bill E, Tim D Z, Linda C, Aissa F, Marc H, Scott M, Avery P, Farshad A, Michael W, Kenneth D, Gary K, Paul G, David W, dhr18, Ron D, Lode S, Alyssa K, Roger, Bob C, Simon G, Red B, Stephen A, James R, Robert O, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Michael S, Jordan , Reinaldo A, Jessica M, Patrick M, Amy Z, Sheryl, John G, David W, Jonathan S, Sue T, Josephine K, Chris, Jules R, P. S, and Michael S! Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

What’s floating around in space between all the stuff? Are there any truly empty places in the universe? What is the “fabric” of spacetime? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/PaulMSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Alberto M, Duncan M, Corey D, Naila, John S, Joshua, Scott M, Rob H, Louis M, John W, Alexis , Erin J, Gilbert M, Valerie H, Tim R, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Mark F, Richard K, Stephen M, Maureen R, Stace J, Stephen S, Ken L, Stephen J, Joe R, David P, robert b, Sean M, Tracy F, Sarah K, Ryan L, Ella F, Sarah K, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Syamkumar M, Homer v, Mark D, Bruce A, Steven M, Bill E, Tim D Z, Linda C, Aissa F, Marc H, Scott M, Avery P, Farshad A, Michael W, Kenneth D, Gary K, Paul G, David W, dhr18, Ron D, Lode S, Alyssa K, Roger, Bob C, Simon G, Red B, Stephen A, James R, Robert O, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Michael S, Jordan , Reinaldo A, Jessica M, Patrick M, Amy Z, Sheryl, John G, David W, Jonathan S, Sue T, Josephine K, Chris, Jules R, P. S, and Michael S! Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

How were ancient people able to predict eclipses so well? How did they make predictions without modern science? What were they able to discover? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/PaulMSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Duncan M, Corey D, Justin Z, Naila, Scott M, Rob H, Justin, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Gilbert M, Joshua, John S, Thomas D, Simon G, Erin J, Valerie H, David B, Tim R, Tom Van S, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Richard K, Dave L, Stephen M, Maureen R, Stace J, Neil P, COTFM, Stephen S, Ken L, Alberto M, Matt C, Joe R, David P, Ulfert B, Sean M, Edward K, Tracy F, Sarah K, Steven S, Ryan L, Ella F, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Jorg D, R Larche, Syamkumar M, John S, Fred S, Homer V, Mark D, Colin B, Bruce A, Steven M, Brent B, Bill E, Tim Z, Thomas W, Linda C, David W, Aissa F, Marc H, Avery P, Scott M, Thomas H, Farshad A, Matthias S, Kenneth D, Maureen R, Michael W, Scott W, David W, Neuterdude, Cha0sKami, Robert C, Robert B, Gary K, Stephen J, dhr18, Anna V, Matthew G, Paul & Giulia S, Steven M, Louis M, Michael C, Alyssa K, Lode D, Roger, Bob C, Patti H, Red B, Benjamin M, BlueDragon, Stephen A, Ian S, James R, Skip M, Robert O, Adam I, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Paul G, Michael S, Jordan, Colin H, Jessica M, Thomas H, Reinaldo A, Amy Z, Adam I, Sheryl, Skip M, David W, Denis, Sue T, Jonathan S, Chris, and Josephine K! Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

What processes create all the elements? Why are some elements more common than others? How does fusion happen inside and outside of a star? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/PaulMSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Duncan M, Corey D, Justin Z, Naila, Scott M, Rob H, Justin, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Gilbert M, Joshua, John S, Thomas D, Simon G, Erin J, Valerie H, David B, Tim R, Tom Van S, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Richard K, Dave L, Stephen M, Maureen R, Stace J, Neil P, COTFM, Stephen S, Ken L, Alberto M, Matt C, Joe R, David P, Ulfert B, Sean M, Edward K, Tracy F, Sarah K, Steven S, Ryan L, Ella F, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Jorg D, R Larche, Syamkumar M, John S, Fred S, Homer V, Mark D, Colin B, Bruce A, Steven M, Brent B, Bill E, Tim Z, Thomas W, Linda C, David W, Aissa F, Marc H, Avery P, Scott M, Thomas H, Farshad A, Matthias S, Kenneth D, Maureen R, Michael W, Scott W, David W, Neuterdude, Cha0sKami, Robert C, Robert B, Gary K, Stephen J, dhr18, Anna V, Matthew G, Paul & Giulia S, Steven M, Louis M, Michael C, Alyssa K, Lode D, Roger, Bob C, Patti H, Red B, Benjamin M, BlueDragon, Stephen A, Ian S, James R, Skip M, Robert O, Adam I, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Paul G, Michael S, Jordan, Colin H, Jessica M, Thomas H, Reinaldo A, Amy Z, Adam I, Sheryl, Skip M, David W, Denis, Sue T, Jonathan S, Chris, and Josephine K! Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

How long have astronomers been using artificial intelligence? How do computers sift through massive amounts of data? Will AI discover something new about the universe? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/PaulMSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Duncan M, Corey D, Justin Z, Naila, Scott M, Rob H, Justin, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Gilbert M, Joshua, John S, Thomas D, Simon G, Erin J, Valerie H, David B, Tim R, Tom Van S, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Richard K, Dave L, Stephen M, Maureen R, Stace J, Neil P, COTFM, Stephen S, Ken L, Alberto M, Matt C, Joe R, David P, Ulfert B, Sean M, Edward K, Tracy F, Sarah K, Steven S, Ryan L, Ella F, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Jorg D, R Larche, Syamkumar M, John S, Fred S, Homer V, Mark D, Colin B, Bruce A, Steven M, Brent B, Bill E, Tim Z, Thomas W, Linda C, David W, Aissa F, Marc H, Avery P, Scott M, Thomas H, Farshad A, Matthias S, Kenneth D, Maureen R, Michael W, Scott W, David W, Neuterdude, Cha0sKami, Robert C, Robert B, Gary K, Stephen J, dhr18, Anna V, Matthew G, Paul & Giulia S, Steven M, Louis M, Michael C, Alyssa K, Lode D, Roger, Bob C, Patti H, Red B, Benjamin M, BlueDragon, Stephen A, Ian S, James R, Skip M, Robert O, Adam I, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Paul G, Michael S, Jordan, Colin H, Jessica M, Thomas H, Reinaldo A, Amy Z, Adam I, Sheryl, Skip M, David W, Denis, Sue T, and Jonathan S! Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

What triggers ice ages and other climate events? How are sunspot cycles and orbital motions related to climate patterns? What does Jupiter have to do with all this? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/PaulMSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Duncan M, Corey D, Justin Z, Naila, Scott M, Rob H, Justin, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Gilbert M, Joshua, John S, Thomas D, Simon G, Erin J, Valerie H, David B, Tim R, Tom Van S, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Richard K, Dave L, Stephen M, Maureen R, Stace J, Neil P, COTFM, Stephen S, Ken L, Alberto M, Matt C, Joe R, David P, Ulfert B, Sean M, Edward K, Tracy F, Sarah K, Steven S, Ryan L, Ella F, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Jorg D, R Larche, Syamkumar M, John S, Fred S, Homer V, Mark D, Colin B, Bruce A, Steven M, Brent B, Bill E, Tim Z, Thomas W, Linda C, David W, Aissa F, Marc H, Avery P, Scott M, Thomas H, Farshad A, Matthias S, Kenneth D, Maureen R, Michael W, Scott W, David W, Neuterdude, Cha0sKami, Robert C, Robert B, Gary K, Stephen J, dhr18, Anna V, Matthew G, Paul & Giulia S, Steven M, Louis M, Michael C, Alyssa K, Lode D, Roger, Bob C, Patti H, Red B, Benjamin M, BlueDragon, Stephen A, Ian S, James R, Skip M, Robert O, Adam I, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Paul G, Michael S, Jordan, Colin H, Jessica M, Thomas H, Reinaldo A, Amy Z, Adam I, Sheryl, Skip M, David W, Denis, Sue T, and Jonathan S! Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

What’s so cool about Triton? How did it end up in orbit around Neptune, and what can we learn from it? Could we send a mission there one day? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/PaulMSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Duncan M, Corey D, Justin Z, Naila, Scott M, Rob H, Justin, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Gilbert M, Joshua, John S, Thomas D, Simon G, Erin J, Jessica K, Valerie H, David B, Tim R, Tom Van S, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Richard K, Dave L, Stephen M, Maureen R, Stace J, Neil P, COTFM, Stephen S, Ken L, Alberto M, Matt C, Joe R, David P, Ulfert B, Sean M, Edward K, Tracy F, Sarah K, Steven S, Ryan L, Ella F, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Jorg D, R Larche, Syamkumar M, John S, Fred S, Homer V, Mark D, Colin B, Bruce A, Steven M, Brent B, Bill E, Tim Z, Thomas W, Linda C, David W, Aissa F, Marc H, Avery P, Scott M, Thomas H, Farshad A, Matthias S, Kenneth D, Maureen R, Michael W, Scott W, David W, Neuterdude, Cha0sKami, Robert C, Robert B, Gary K, Stephen J, dhr18, Anna V, Matthew G, Paul & Giulia S, Ron D, Steven M, Louis M, Michael C, Alyssa K, Lode D, Roger, Bob C, Patti H, Red B, Benjamin M, BlueDragon, Stephen A, Ian S, James R, Skip M, Robert O, Adam I, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Paul G, Michael S, Jordan, Colin H, Jessica M, Thomas H, Reinaldo A, Amy Z, Adam I, Sheryl, Skip M, and David W! Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

How are white holes different from black holes? What would happen if you were stuck inside of one? Why don’t they appear in the universe? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/PaulMSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Duncan M, Corey D, Justin Z, Naila, Scott M, Rob H, Justin, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Gilbert M, Joshua, John S, Thomas D, Simon G, Erin J, Jessica K, Valerie H, David B, Tim R, Tom Van S, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Richard K, Dave L, Stephen M, Maureen R, Stace J, Neil P, COTFM, Stephen S, Ken L, Alberto M, Matt C, Joe R, David P, Ulfert B, Sean M, Edward K, Tracy F, Sarah K, Steven S, Ryan L, Ella F, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Jorg D, R Larche, Syamkumar M, John S, Fred S, Homer V, Mark D, Colin B, Bruce A, Steven M, Brent B, Bill E, Tim Z, Thomas W, Linda C, David W, Aissa F, Marc H, Avery P, Scott M, Thomas H, Farshad A, Matthias S, Kenneth D, Maureen R, Michael W, Scott W, David W, Neuterdude, Cha0sKami, Robert C, Robert B, Gary K, Stephen J, dhr18, Anna V, Matthew G, Paul & Giulia S, Ron D, Steven M, Louis M, Michael C, Alyssa K, Lode D, Roger, Bob C, Patti H, Red B, Benjamin M, BlueDragon, Stephen A, Ian S, James R, Skip M, Robert O, Adam I, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Paul G, Michael S, Jordan, Colin H, Jessica M, Thomas H, Reinaldo A, Amy Z, Adam I, Sheryl, Skip M, and David W! Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

What is the combined motion of everything in the universe? How does all of that influence us? Are we just going around in circles, or is there something more? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman! This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month! Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/PaulMSutter Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE! Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Duncan M, Corey D, Justin Z, Naila, Scott M, Rob H, Justin, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Gilbert M, Joshua, John S, Thomas D, Simon G, Erin J, Jessica K, Valerie H, David B, Frank T, Tim R, Tom Van S, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Richard K, Dave L, Stephen M, Maureen R, Stace J, Neil P, COTFM, Stephen S, Ken L, Alberto M, Matt C, Joe R, David P, Ulfert B, Sean M, Edward K, Tracy F, Sarah K, Steven S, Ryan L, Ella F, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Jorg D, R Larche, Syamkumar M, John S, Fred S, Homer V, Mark D, Colin B, Bruce A, Steven M, Brent B, Bill E, Tim Z, Thomas W, Linda C, David W, Aissa F, Marc H, Avery P, Scott M, Thomas H, Farshad A, Matthias S, Kenneth D, Maureen R, Michael W, Scott W, David W, Neuterdude, Cha0sKami, Robert C, Robert B, Gary K, Stephen J, dhr18, Anna V, Matthew G, Paul & Giulia S, Ron D, Steven M, Louis M, Michael C, Alyssa K, Lode D, Roger, Bob C, Patti H, Red B, Benjamin M, BlueDragon, Stephen A, Ian S, James R, Skip M, Robert O, Adam I, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Paul G, Michael S, Jordan, Colin H, Jessica M, Thomas H, Reinaldo A, Amy Z, and Adam I! Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing. Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.

What are some wild stories behind names in astronomy and physics? How did we get the jargon words that we did? What are some of the funniest names? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman!   This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/spaceman and get on your way to being your best self. Visit BetterHelp to get 10% off your first month!   Support the show: http://www.patreon.com/pmsutter  All episodes: http://www.AskASpaceman.com   Follow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PaulMattSutter  Like on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PaulMattSutter  Watch on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/PaulMSutter   Read a book: http://www.pmsutter/book   Keep those questions about space, science, astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and cosmology coming to #AskASpaceman for COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF TIME AND SPACE!   Big thanks to my top Patreon supporters this month: Justin G, Chris L, Barbara K, Duncan M, Corey D, Justin Z, Naila, Scott M, Rob H, Justin, Louis M, John W, Alexis, Gilbert M, Joshua, John S, Thomas D, Simon G, Erin J, Jessica K, Valerie H, David B, Frank T, Tim R, Tom Van S, Mark R, Alan B, Craig B, Richard K, Dave L, Stephen M, Maureen R, Stace J, Neil P, COTFM, Stephen S, Ken L, Alberto M, Matt C, Joe R, David P, Ulfert B, Sean M, Edward K, Tracy F, Sarah K, Steven S, Ryan L, Ella F, Richard S, Sam R, Thomas K, James C, Jorg D, R Larche, Syamkumar M, John S, Fred S, Homer V, Mark D, Colin B, Bruce A, Steven M, Brent B, Bill E, Tim Z, Thomas W, Linda C, David W, Aissa F, Marc H, Avery P, Scott M, Thomas H, Farshad A, Matthias S, Kenneth D, Maureen R, Michael W, Scott W, David W, Neuterdude, Cha0sKami, Robert C, Robert B, Gary K, Stephen J, dhr18, Anna V, Matthew G, Paul & Giulia S, Ron D, Steven M, Louis M, Michael C, Alyssa K, Lode D, Roger, Bob C, Patti H, Red B, Benjamin M, BlueDragon, Stephen A, Ian S, James R, Skip M, Robert O, Adam I, Lynn D, Jeffrey C, Allen E, Paul G, Michael S, Jordan, Colin H, Jessica M, Thomas H, Reinaldo A, Amy Z, and Adam I!   Thanks to Cathy Rinella for editing.    Hosted by Paul M. Sutter.